G glossary entries

Gain margin is the factor by which the open-loop gain of a feedback system can be increased before the closed-loop system becomes marginally stable.

Galvanic corrosion is the accelerated corrosion of one conductive material when it is electrically coupled to a more noble material in the presence of an electrolyte.

Gauge pressure is pressure measured relative to the surrounding atmospheric pressure, with zero gauge pressure corresponding to local ambient pressure.

Gear ratio is the ratio between rotational speeds, tooth counts, or pitch diameters in a gear pair or gear train, used to convert speed into torque or torque into speed.

A geometric tolerance specifies the permitted variation of a feature's shape, orientation, location, profile, or runout relative to datum references or to the feature itself.

A georesource model is an engineering representation of a deposit or subsurface resource used for planning, design, and risk decisions.

The Goodman criterion is a fatigue design rule that estimates whether a component is safe under combined alternating stress and tensile mean stress.

Grade control is the operational process of estimating, classifying, and routing mined material to manage ore quality, dilution, recovery, and value.

Gradient descent is an iterative optimization algorithm that minimizes a differentiable objective function by repeatedly stepping opposite to the gradient.

The Grashof number is a dimensionless measure of the ratio of buoyancy force to viscous force in natural convection.

Green building is the integrated design, construction, and operation of buildings to reduce environmental impact while preserving health, comfort, resilience, and lifecycle performance.

Grid stability is the ability of a power system to preserve synchronism and keep voltage and frequency within acceptable limits after normal changes or disturbances.

A grid-forming inverter is an inverter capability that can establish and regulate voltage and frequency for an islanded or weak electric grid.

A ground fault is an unintended current path from an energized conductor to earth, grounded equipment, or another grounded conductive structure.

Groundwater remediation is the engineered containment, removal, treatment, transformation, or monitoring of contaminated groundwater.

A gyroscope is a device that senses angular rate or preserves orientation by exploiting rotational inertia or equivalent inertial sensing effects.